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Dubai has rolled out a major update to its crypto rules. On January 12, the Dubai Financial Services Authority (DFSA) announced a full ban on privacy coins. With stricter rules for stablecoins inside the Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC). The move is part of a wider reset of Dubai’s crypto framework. The goal is simple: reduce money laundering risks. Follow global standards. Also, make sure crypto firms play by clear rules. This change surprised many in the crypto world. The public has long seen Dubai as a friendly hub for digital assets. Now, the city is drawing a firm line between compliant crypto and high-risk tools. Privacy Coins Are Now Banned in DIFC Under the new rules, the DFSA no longer allows privacy coins in the DIFC. Specifically, this includes tokens like Monero (XMR) and Zcash (ZEC). In fact, they hide transaction details and wallet identities, which makes it very hard for regulators to track money flows. The DFSA has also banned privacy tools such as mixers and tumblers. These tools are often used to hide where funds come from or where they go. From now on, DFSA-licensed firms cannot trade, promote, manage or offer any product linked to privacy coins. This applies to spot trading, funds, derivatives and custody services. The regulator said privacy coins make it almost impossible to meet global AML and KYC rules. They also conflict with the FATF travel rule which requires crypto firms to track sender and receiver details. In short, if a token hides transactions, it is out. Stablecoins Must Be Fully Fiat-Backed Dubai is also tightening its stablecoin rules. Only fiat-backed stablecoins will now qualify as “approved” stablecoins. The law requires issuers to back these tokens with high-quality liquid reserves such as cash and government bonds. They must also prove that users can redeem them even during market stress. DFSA rules no longer consider algorithmic stablecoins as stablecoins. Regulators now treat tokens like Ethena’s USDe as regular crypto assets. The DFSA designed this change to protect investors and prevent another stablecoin collapse like Terra. Dubai wants stablecoins to behave like digital cash. No experiments and no risky designs. Firms Now Carry More Responsibility The DFSA is also changing the way it approves tokens. Before, the regulator kept a list of “recognized” tokens. That list is now gone. Instead, licensed firms must assess every token they offer. They must review its purpose, risks, governance, liquidity and compliance profile. Firms must publish their approved token lists and update them regularly. They are fully responsible if something goes wrong. This is a shift toward a market-led system. But it also comes with strict accountability. Market Reaction and What Comes Next The news led strong reactions on social media. Some traders worry Dubai is moving away from its crypto friendly image. Others say this will push privacy coin liquidity offshore. But regulators see it differently. Dubai wants to stay open for crypto. Just not for high-risk crypto.The city is aligning itself with global standards seen in Japan, South Korea and Europe. The focus is now on institutional-grade digital finance. Privacy coins may lose a major financial hub. But compliant crypto just gained a stronger one. Dubai is not leaving crypto. It is growing up with it. $USDC

Ethereum is often described as “financial Lego,” but one critical brick is still missing — truly decentralized stablecoins. Vitalik has raised this again: if Ethereum really wants to give people independence from the old financial system, it needs to fix stablecoin architecture itself, not just build DeFi wrappers around USDT and USDC. ➡️ What’s wrong with today’s decentralized stablecoins About 95% of the market is pegged to the dollar — if USD keeps inflating over the long run, “crypto-dollars” will inflate with it Oracles remain the weakest link: they can be attacked, and protecting them often means either high fees or artificially bloated tokenomics Staking yield must be sustainable, not based on aggressive schemes that eventually break the collateral model (hello, Terra) ➡️ What Vitalik proposes Move away from the idea of a permanent “$1” and think in terms of purchasing-power indices instead of a single fiat jurisdiction Redesign oracle models so they can withstand manipulation without users paying protection fees at every step Cut base staking yield to ~0.2% and introduce a new staking type without hard slashing, so yield doesn’t undermine the stability of the stablecoin itself Design stablecoins to survive both protocol bugs and network shocks — holding ETH alone doesn’t save you if the mechanism can’t live through turbulence ➡️ Market reality: a stablecoin boom without decentralization The stablecoin market in 2026 is ~$311.5bn, up ~50% from early 2025 USDT and USDC control over 83% of the market; DAI and USDe, with caps of $4.2bn and $6.3bn, haven’t changed the balance of power In developing countries, stablecoins are already a “digital dollar” for savings and transfers — but in practice it’s still a centralized dollar with extra tech risk ➡️ What this means for Ethereum and DeFi As long as Ethereum relies on stablecoins tied to a single fiat and a handful of corporations, it remains a frontend for the old system, not an alternative If the market doesn’t produce a new class of truly decentralized stablecoins, the next cycle will again revolve around USDT/USDC — just with different DeFi logos If it does, that’s where a new DeFi “blue chip” like DAI 2.0 could emerge, reshaping the balance of power for protocols and users, especially outside the U.S. At this point, Vitalik isn’t talking ideology — he’s talking architecture: either Ethereum learns how to mint its own resilient “native money,” or it remains a convenient blockchain interface for the dollar system.

2025 was a turning point for STON.fi. Not because of hype, but because real infrastructure shipped. Omniston is now live, aggregating liquidity across the TON ecosystem. One swap can route through multiple DEXs and automatically deliver the best price in a single transaction. Simple for users. Powerful under the hood. Liquidity design also leveled up. With WSS and WCPI pools, STON.fi introduced smarter AMMs, lower slippage for correlated assets, and flexible weight ratios like 80/20. LPs can now manage risk with intention, not guesswork. USDe arrived on TON through STON.fi. Swap USDt to USDe, stake or provide liquidity with no lockups and full control. Real yield options, directly onchain. Decentralization became practical. The launch of the STON.fi DAO gave the community a direct role in shaping the protocol’s future. xStocks expanded what’s possible. Tokenized market assets are now accessible inside DeFi, quietly bridging traditional finance and TON’s onchain economy. And behind the scenes, strong validation. $9.5M in Series A funding led by Ribbit Capital and CoinFund reinforced STON.fi’s position as core liquidity infrastructure for TON. This is only Part 1. The foundation is built. The next phase is coming. STON.fi is building the future of TON DeFi

In brief The stablecoin supply jumped $100 billion to a total of $314 billion in 2025. Tether leads in transaction activity, followed by Ripple's RLUSD and Circle's USDC. The Trump-backed USD1 reached the top 5 just months after April launch. Decrypt’s Art, Fashion, and Entertainment Hub. Discover SCENE This was a defining year for stablecoins, with the signing of the GENIUS Act, a high-flying IPO for Circle, and a handful of tokens outpacing the rest. Since the start of January, the overall U.S. dollar-denominated stablecoin supply has increased by more than $100 billion, to $314 billion total. But that doesn’t mean all boats have risen at the same rate. To measure stablecoin performance, Decrypt calculated velocity using historical data from crypto price aggregator CoinGecko from January through December 15. Velocity divides total volume by average supply, resulting in a calculation of how many times each coin has, on average, changed hands. amp;amp;lt;span data-mce-type="bookmark" style="width:0px;overflow:hidden;line-height:0" class="mce_SELRES_start"amp;amp;gt;amp;amp;lt;/spanamp;amp;gt; As former Commodities and Futures Trading Commission Chairman Timothy Massad explained to Decrypt, measuring velocity beats rankings that rely only on total supply. “Stablecoins can be very useful without there being a large market cap,” he said. “In other words, it's really the velocity, the transaction use, and they can circulate very quickly even if the amount outstanding is not that great.” Tether (USDT) Tether tops the list with a velocity of 166 because it’s long been a workhorse for global crypto trading. It can’t claim the crown as the first-ever stablecoin—that belongs to BitUSD. But it launched the same year, in 2014, and became the first widely used one. Tether boasts a market capitalization of $186 billion after increasing 35% since the start of the year, according to CoinGecko data. The bulk of Tether tokens get traded on Ethereum (46.3%) and Tron (41.4%), according to DeFi Llama data. Tether began the year by relocating to Bitcoin-friendly El Salvador, where President Nayib Bukele declared BTC legal tender in 2021. There have been a few bumps, though. In March, Binance said it would delist USDT for European Union users to stay compliant with MiCA regulations, which require stablecoin issuers to be licensed. But that’s not stopped the company from turning a hefty profit. So far in 2025, Tether has seen $10 billion in profit in the first three quarters of the year, the company said in October. Ripple USD (RLUSD) Ripple Labs’ stablecoin, RLUSD, swiped the second spot with a velocity of 71. That means, on average, every RLUSD token has changed hands 71 times since the start of the year. In most stablecoin lineups, Circle’s USDC would hold this spot because its $78 billion market capitalization trumps that of RLUSD’s $1.3 billion. But as Massad pointed out, stablecoin performance has more to do with being able to move money efficiently than its total supply. Ripple was provisionally approved for a national banking charter by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, or OCC, in December. “This is a massive step forward—first for RLUSD— setting the highest standard for stablecoin compliance with both federal (OCC) state (NYDFS) oversight,” Ripple Labs CEO Brad Garlinghouse wrote on X. HUGE news! @Ripple just received conditional approval from the @USOCC to charter Ripple National Trust Bank. This is a massive step forward - first for $RLUSD, setting the highest standard for stablecoin compliance with both federal (OCC) state (NYDFS) oversight. To the… — Brad Garlinghouse (@bgarlinghouse) December 12, 2025 Ripple Senior Vice President of Stablecoins Jack McDonald has often pointed out that RLUSD was specifically designed for institutional use. At the start of December, Ripple got the green light from the Singapore Monetary Authority, or MAS, to expand XRP and RLUSD payments in Singapore. And earlier this year, RLUSD was integrated into Securitize's tokenization platform. That means it’s one of the assets investors can swap for tokenized money market funds. Circle (USDC) USDC saw its velocity reach 56 in 2025, while its market capitalization climbed 78% to $78.4 billion by December 15. Perhaps more than any of its competitors, Circle benefitted massively from the passage of the GENIUS Act. Its operating model already resembled the federally regulated framework that’s now become U.S. law. That’s given Circle a head start on compliance and investor confidence—and investors took note. CRCL was so popular with investors on its debut that the NYSE halted trading three times. Since then, Circle has reported $740 million in Q3 revenue, marking a 66% year-over-year increase. Circle has also rolled out the testnet for Arc, its layer-1 blockchain, which counts BlackRock, Visa, and Amazon Web Services as early participants. Circle was also one of several stablecoin issuers—including Ripple, Paxos and BitGo—which got a provisional approval for its national banking charter and will be looking to expand into broader financial services. USD1 (USD1) USD1 is an outlier because it launched in April, and therefore doesn’t have nearly a full year’s worth of data. But that didn’t stop it from landing right next to the podium with a velocity of 39. Issued by World Liberty Financial—the crypto-focused firm co-founded by Donald Trump Jr. and partners—USD1 was designed from the outset to be a highly liquid transactional stablecoin. The token reached a $1 billion market cap in April, less than a month after its launch, according to data from CoinGecko. There have been some very bullish predictions about its growth. Blockstreet’s Kyle Klemmer told Decrypt he believes USD1 will be the world’s dominant stablecoin, beating USDT and USDC, before President Donald Trump’s second term ends in 2029. The project has leaned heavily on retail distribution and promotional partnerships, including integrations with several U.S.-based crypto exchanges, like Coinbase and FalconX, and it’s making a bid to become “Solana’s go-to stablecoin” by teaming up with meme coin platform Bonk and decentralized exchange Raydium. PayPal USD (PYUSD) PayPal USD’s velocity of 18 lands it in fifth place on this list. Its 2023 debut made big waves because it was the first time an established payments platform made a bid at issuing a stablecoin—years before there was a regulatory framework in the U.S.. For most of this year, growth for PYUSD moved at a modest pace. Its market capitalization peaked above $1 billion in June and then established a foothold in September. Since then, it’s nearly tripled to $3.8 billion as of December 15. PayPal has teamed with LayerZero to expand the token’s presence to nine new blockchains, including Tron, Abstract, Aptos, and Avalanche. But there’s also been some controversy. In October, observers noted that PYUSD issuer Paxos minted and then immediately burned $300 trillion worth of tokens. It’s an impossibly large number of tokens, given it represents more than twice the world’s GDP. At 3:12 PM EST, Paxos mistakenly minted excess PYUSD as part of an internal transfer. Paxos immediately identified the error and burned the excess PYUSD. This was an internal technical error. There is no security breach. Customer funds are safe. We have addressed the root… — Paxos (@Paxos) October 15, 2025 "This was an internal technical error. There is no security breach,” the firm wrote on X. “Customer funds are safe. We have addressed the root cause." USDe (USDe) Ethena Labs’ USDe demonstrated a velocity of 11 in 2025, with its market capitalization showing a modest gain of 11% from $5.8 billion in January to $6.5 billion by December 15. But that trajectory leaves out the fact that its market cap soared to nearly $15 billion before the early October flash crash. USDe is the only stablecoin on this list that isn’t backed by fiat currency: It’s backed by a delta-neutral strategy involving staked Ethereum and perpetual futures hedges. But its reliance on derivatives means that times of high volatility and shifts in sentiment can cause big swings in market capitalization. Even with a less straightforward structure, the token’s advocates include billionaire Arthur Hayes. But not all regulators are convinced. Ethena Labs pulled out of the German market in April over growing scrutiny over its “serious deficiencies” in compliance. USDS (USDS) Sky’s USDS showed extremely low velocity of 1 in 2025—and that’s by design. To avoid confusion: Sky is a rebrand of DeFi OG MakerDAO and USDS is a rebrand of its DAI stablecoin. Unlike USDT or USDC, which function as transactional stablecoins, most USDS tokens sit locked in Maker vaults or savings contracts as collateral for DeFi loans rather than circulating. Its role in DeFi is closer to a yield-bearing savings instrument than digital cash, so it naturally turns over far less often. For example, the Sky Protocol currently offers a 4% rewards rate (paid in SKY tokens) to users who hold USDS. As of 2025, USDS has seen its market capitalization grow from $5.2 billion at the start of the year to $9.8 billion, marking an 85% increase in just under 12 months.