Vitalik: 51% attacks cannot rewrite blocks, but off-chain trust introduces new risks

Jinse Finance reported that Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin emphasized in an article that a key security property of blockchain is that even in the event of a 51% attack, invalid blocks cannot be made valid. Therefore, even if 51% of validators collude or there is a software failure, user assets cannot be stolen. However, he warned that if we start relying on validators to perform off-chain tasks that the chain itself cannot control, then 51% of validators could potentially collude to provide incorrect results, causing users to lose their protection mechanisms.