Ethereum has completed the final step of its Fusaka upgrade and officially launched the final BPO fork.

 on Wednesday, Ethereum completed the second and final "Blob Parameters Only (BPO)" fork in this round of upgrade plans. This fork not only improved data availability but also demonstrated how the network can roll out smaller-scale updates in phases.

Ethereum's official X account wrote: "Compared to waiting for a major upgrade once a year to adjust network capacity, the BPO fork allows Ethereum to independently and efficiently fine-tune specific parameters (such as the blob target value). This gradual scaling approach enables the network to safely test higher loads step by step."

Blobs are temporary large data blocks introduced in Ethereum's 2024 Dencun upgrade, mainly used by layer 2 rollups to batch transactions onto the mainnet at a low cost. These data storages (full name Binary Large OBjects) are retained for 18 days and then permanently deleted.

Among the 13 Ethereum Improvement Proposals (EIPs) included in Fusaka, a considerable portion focuses on improving Ethereum's data availability layer. The most important is the upgrade to PeerDAS, allowing nodes to confirm blob data by verifying smaller data samples. Additionally, the BPO mechanism was introduced to gradually expand the upper limit of blobs.

The first BPO fork was activated on December 9 (about a week after Fusaka went live), increasing the target blob count per block from 6 to 10, and the maximum limit from 9 to 15. The upgrade on Wednesday further raised the target value to 14 and the maximum limit to 21.