Crypto Markets Break New Ground in 2025

Global Assets and Cryptocurrency in the Macro Equation

Understanding the cryptocurrency market in 2025 necessitated a joint evaluation with gold and US stocks. Gold, having appreciated by approximately 150% over the 2023–2025 period, transcended the traditional commodity cycle, becoming a balance sheet tool against monetary risks. Aggressive purchases by central banks, declining real interest rates, and increasing fiscal imbalances pushed gold’s market value above $31 trillion.

Meanwhile, US stock markets concluded the year with a volatile yet selective upward trend. The S&P 500 and Nasdaq indexes showed robust performance led by tech and AI-focused companies, with profits concentrated in a narrow field. The Buffett Indicator, which measures market value relative to GDP, significantly exceeded its historical average, raising valuation risk concerns. Gold’s resurgence was interpreted as a balancing tool against excessive optimism in the stock markets.

Bitcoin, under these circumstances, displayed high volatility and was sensitive to institutional flows. Despite reaching over $126,000 during the year due to ETF inflows and strategic reserve expectations, the price did not remain stable. Towards the year’s end, Bitcoin stabilized around $90,000, acting more as an early indicator of financial stress signals than abundant liquidity.

Institutional Capital, DeFi Evolution, and the Path Toward 2026

On the Ethereum front, although price volatility was sharp, the network’s fundamental indicators strengthened. Petra and Fusaka updates brought transaction fees to historically low levels, making Ethereum a more efficient consensus layer for the Layer-2 ecosystem. The rapid increase in the share of crypto treasuries within the ETH supply, driven by staking and DeFi returns, created a new demand layer.

In the DeFi sector, capital concentrated in protocols offering predictable returns rather than high transaction volumes. Lending, liquid staking, and restaking solutions were the main drivers of TVL growth. During the same period, networks like BNB Chain, Solana, and Base stood out in terms of user activity and revenue generation. BNB Chain rose to the lead in address count, while Solana peaked in transaction fees and DEX volumes. Base captured the majority of Layer-2 revenues single-handedly.

The anticipated widespread surge in the altcoin market did not materialize. The fragmentation of capital, the launch of high-value tokens with low circulation, and the redirection of institutional investors toward large assets hindered a general altcoin rally. However, the RWA and stablecoin segments grew rapidly. Tokenized US bonds, private credit products, and compliance-focused stablecoins became concrete indicators of institutional adoption.